On the road again. That was the theme of the day as I woke up in Hamburg, New York to a bright and sunny morning. As I scanned through Buffalo's radio stations in an attempt to get my morning dose of Mike & Mike on ESPN radio I half hoped that the whistlin' tune of Willie Nelson singing his 1980 single might come through my cars speakers but no such luck. While filling up the tank at the last gas station before getting back onto the highway I took a look at my map and projected the days trek. I own and use a Garmin GPS but there is just something more gratifying and satisfactory about being able to plot your route on paper than through a LCD screen. The plan was to make the six hour journey up to the peninsula with plenty of time to relax stop along the way at places of interest. Stop number one was Niagara Falls. I've been fortunate to have traveled and seen quite a bit of the timeless beauty of our country. From the virgin rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, to the scorching deserts of Arizona as well as the mountains of Wyoming and Montana, I've experienced my fair share but never the mighty white water and mist of the Niagara.
 |
| Niagara Falls from the Canadian side |
Taking advice from my parents who had seen it themselves years ago, I decided to view the falls from the Canadian side. I crossed over the border via the Peace Bridge spanning the Niagara River at Buffalo and for first time since I visited Italy in the summer of 2005 I was off American soil. I know, it's just Canada, about as easy a border transition as possible but nonetheless it was a moment of acknowledgement for myself. Upon arriving at the falls the first thing I was most shocked by was the extreme amount of hotels, theme parks, resorts and other kinds of tourism. I've seen and own Ken Burns absolutely remarkable documentary
The National Parks: America's Best Idea and heard first hand of the soiling of Niagara's area but I had no idea it was so bad. Can we leave no natural and beautiful place unstained and untouched by the destructive and greedy hand of man-kind? As I sat in awe of Mother Nature's raw show of power I can't help but let my mind wander back to a time before the settlement of the area. Weaving in and out of the towering trees of the primeval forest and hearing a distant roar that grows louder and more ferocious until you break free from the trees and greeted by the sight of the magnificent falls crashing down. Now only the falls remains with the stain of our presence everywhere. For those untouched places that remain, long may they stay that way. As free and wild as the day they were born from the ashes and dust of the earth.
 |
| American falls on the U.S. side |
 |
| Maid of the Mist full 'steam' ahead |
Not only is the sheer sight of Niagara Falls impressive but even more so is its history and some of the statistics that go with it. Over 100,000 cubic feet of water flow over the falls per second, making this the most powerful waterfall in all of the North American continent! Even more cool about the falls is its relatively fast rate of erosion. Having that amount of water and pressure going over the falls causes it to erode and retreat further south towards Lake Erie by 3 feet per year. Even to a human being that is a noticeable increment and not just on a geologic scale. Over 10,000 years ago as the Wisconsinan glacier shrank north and created the falls of the Niagara, it was located about 6.8 miles to the north of its present location. If given enough time the Niagara will eventually erode itself back to the point where the city of Buffalo can lay claim to its mighty presence. As I stood next to the falls and got a bit wet from the constant misting I realized that the bedrock the falls was cascading over was part of the Niagara Escarpement, of which the Bruce peninsula is comprised of. Interesting to think that this same layer of dolomite limestone laid down 400 million years ago in the Silurian age that belongs to the falls, belongs to the Bruce as well several hundred miles to the northwest.
Leaving the falls behind I turned west and followed the pretty shoreline of Lake Ontario until I hit the outskirts of Toronto. After the only heavy traffic of the entire trip I made it to the countryside of southern Ontario and made quick time to town of Owen Sound at the base of the peninsula. Shortly after passing through Owen Sound I got on what would end up being the most familiar road during my time on the Bruce, Highway 6. The landscape of the Bruce as I made my way northeast was comparable to that of Northern Michigan or Southwestern Minnesota. Flat with woodlands and wetlands/lakes scattered about. Most of the land seemed to be utilized for grazing and for wind turbines without much agriculture at all. As I got closer to the village of Tobermory and the end of the road I began to take notice of the more and more numerous yellow blurs along the highway. I slowed down enough to I.D. them and feel a sense of shock wash over me.
 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens |
 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens |
I'd heard the stories of Large Yellow Lady's slippers (
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens) growing by the tens of thousands as roadside weeds on the Bruce but it took seeing it with my own eyes to believe it. I've seen these numerous times in many of my favorite woodland haunts back home but never more than a dozen or so plants in a population. On the Bruce they were as common and plentiful as the blue bloomed Chickory (
Cichorium intybus) and Red Clover (
Trifolium pratense) seen along Ohio's roads. Not only were their numbers of interest to me but their habitat up here as well. Every time I've seen this species in Ohio was in mesic, rich forests with dappled sunlight. On the Bruce clumps of 10-30+ plants grew from the shallow, dry and rocky soil under full sun conditions. Some even seemed to be growing right out of cracks in the bedrock itself. Incredible! At first I couldn't stop taking pictures and admiring the unbelievable numbers of yellow ladies only to by the end of the week not even give them a passing glance. Who would ever thought I'd almost get tired of seeing a wild species of orchid, and a
Cypripedium to boot (no pun intended).
 |
| Rosa acicularis |
 |
| Rosa acicularis |
Easily as noticeable as the yellow lady's slippers alongside Highway 6 and the back roads were the tangles and patches of Prickly Rose (
Rosa acicularis). A more northern and western species not known from Ohio, these were in bloom all over the place and their scent was intoxicating. You could smell these beauties from yards away as the cool lake breezes carried their bouquet to my nose. Their intensely prickled stem is reminiscent of Bristly Greenbrier's (
Smilax hispida) and not something you'd ever want to grab as you lose your step.
After checking in at the small, family run resort along the shores of Big Tub Bay outside Tobermory I decided to take a stroll down the road to see what other botanical goodies laid in wait. Roadside botanizing back in Ohio is a frequent occurrence for me along the forested dirt roads of Shawnee state forest or the country back roads of Adams and Athens counties but the Bruce really gave this a whole new meaning.
 |
| Lonicera dioica |
 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin | |
Growing all over the place but hardly as invasive as its Asian relatives was the native Limber Honeysuckle (
Lonicera dioica) vine. A rare plant back home that I failed to see in full bloom this spring (seen in bud and fruit in Ohio), I was given a second chance and I took full advantage of it. Native species of
Lonicera are of great interest to me and I had hopes of seeing a few more while up here but
L. dioica was the only one in bloom during my visit. Further down the road the White Cedars (
Thuja occidentalis) opened up into a swampy area with Black Spruce (
Picea mariana) and Tamarack (
Larix laricina) mixed in. Despite being in shorts and my comfy leather boat shoes I couldn't resist taking a quick look around. Almost immediately I was pleasantly rewarded with several scatterings of yellow lady's slippers that seemed a bit too small to be the large variety. A closer examination and quick whiff of the labellum instantly identified this as the deliciously fragranced northern variety of the Small Yellow Lady's slipper (
Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin).
 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin |
 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin |
This variety is almost identical to the Ohio native and critically endangered
C. parviflorum var. parviflorum. I was extremely lucky to see some of Ohio's last plants in bloom back in mid-May at Cedar Bog in Champaign County. What true difference there is between
var. makasin and
var. parviflorum other than its distribution (
var. parviflorum is a more southerly, Appalachian species) I'm not aware of. As you can see from the picture above, these are much smaller than the normal, larger variety
var. pubescens. The small yellow ladies also have much darker maroon lateral sepals/petals as well as that amazing aroma that arouses thoughts of a vanilla and almonds combination. If Yankee Candle could ever put that scent into a candle I'd buy the store out of stock!
 |
| Lilium philadelphicum |
 |
| Lilium philadelphicum |
Further down the road on a more sunny stretch of the shoulder were the first opening blossoms of the gorgeous Wood Lilies (
Lilium philadelphicum). I wasn't able to make time for this in bloom back home so it was once again a welcome surprise and second chance to see these remarkable native lilies begin to break bud on the Bruce. Threatened back in Ohio, these are much more common up here where they bloomed all week along the roads and in forest openings.
 |
| Harsh landscape of the Niagara Escarpment on the Bruce | |
The picture above is a general idea of what the landscape looked like along the western side of the peninsula. Even after the glaciers scrapped the limestone bedrock clean and thousands of years have passed, very little soil has made it back to surface. White Cedars, Black and White Spruce (
Picea spp.), Eastern Hemlock, Tamarack, Jack and White Pines (
Pinus spp.), White Birch (
Betula papyrifera) and Choke Cherry (
Prunus virginiana) all fight for survival and eek out an existence on the barren, rocky substrate. Creeping Juniper (
Juniperus horizontalis), Bearberry (
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) and Canadian Yew (
Taxus canadensis) were the dominant ground vegetation in areas where flat sheets of the dolomite limestone didn't rule.
 |
| Back country road on the Bruce |
 |
| C. parviflorm var. pubescens on rock |
The ultimate reality of the Bruce was just how much of a struggle it is for most of the flora to survive and succeed in such harsh conditions. The picture above of the yellow lady's slipper growing right up out of the bedrock is mind blowing to me and really is the perfect picture to illustrate the botanical diversity and wonder of the Bruce as well as the daily battle for life.
 |
| Little Bay Cove |
 |
| Little Bay Cove |
I decided to end my first evening up on the Bruce with a visit to Little Cove Bay on the eastern side of the peninsula. The Georgian Bay landscape is more scenic and captivating than the flat and relatively 'boring' western shore for the most part due to the geology of the area. As the sun began to sink on the horizon I stared out at the crystal clear blue waters of the bay and wondered what events awaited my journey across the Bruce peninsula. Not another soul stirred along the shore and I felt like I had the whole world to myself. No trail, no boats, cars or roads. No airplanes, buildings or bridges; only myself and nature for company and a beautiful tapestry of blue and green in front of me. I wish more places could be like this. I wish I could have this experience more often. Few places and times have ever felt so right in my life and I was only in my first few hours of being in the area. I slowly strolled back through the Hemlocks and Cedars to the car with visions of tomorrow rushing through my head. I was off to hunt down the tiny and elusive Ram's Head Lady's slippers (
Cypripedium arietinum), one of the most treasured and highly anticipated of plants I've dreamed of seeing for a long, long time. Tune in tomorrow for the next installment!
 |
| Your blogger and a panoramic view of Little Cove Bay |
